What are preamplifiers, power amplifiers and integrated amplifiers?

Traditionally, the distinction between a preamplifier and a power amplifier lies in their respective roles within an audio system. 

What are preamplifiers?

The preamplifier, also known as a preamp or a pre, acts as the control center for the entire audio playback system. It is responsible for processing the audio signals received from sources such as CD players, DVD players, and LP turntables, then sending them to the power amplifier for 'power amplification'. 

Different signals have different voltage levels, they will be processed first in the preamp, and then the processed signal will be output to the power amplifier. Moreover, preamplifiers only amplify the signal by a certain amount, usually by a factor of 10 times (20dB), and signals amplified by this amount are still insufficient to drive speakers and will need the help of power amplifiers.

Besides a minor amplification, preamplifiers are also responsible for:

• Input Select: To switch between all the input sources. Choose the source for audio playback. 
• Volume Control (change the amplitude of the audio signal, thereby adjusting the volume level.)
• Balance Control: Some preamps have this adjustment function. The aim is to correct imbalances, if any,  in the volume levels between the left and right stereo channels. 
• Tone Control: Some preamps have this. The objective is to alter the frequency characteristics of the audio signal. Depending on its function, there are controls for treble (high frequencies), midrange (mid frequencies), and bass (low frequencies). There may also include high/low frequency filters, loudness control, and sound effect amplifiers.

What are power amplifiers?

On the other hand, a power amplifier takes the strengthened signal from the preamplifier and amplifies it to a level that is powerful enough to drive the speakers. In other words, power amps are the devices that make the speaker cones move and produce sound.

What are integrated amplifiers?

An integrated amplifier is a preamplifier and a power amplifier in a single unit. 

Instead of having two separate machines, a preamplifier and a power amplifier,  an integrated amplifier combines the two into one chassis and is convenient for compact spaces or people who seek simplicity. It minimizes the need for additional cables and connections, potentially leading to a cleaner setup. The costs are also reduced, making buying one integrated amplifier more affordable than buying separate pre/power amps.  

However, dedicated audio enthusiasts might prefer separate components for potential improvements in sound quality. Using a pre/power amp combo allows dedicated power supplies, optimized circuitry, improved thermal management, less signal interference, higher flexibility, and easier upgrades.

Why are analog preamplifiers nowadays not as important as in the past?

In modern audio systems, the role of the preamplifier has become less critical because of technological advancements. In the past, the necessity for a preamplifier to precede a power amplifier was largely due to the nature of audio sources and the technology of the era. 

Here's why this has changed over time:

1. Strengthened analog output: In the old days, many audio sources, such as turntables or tape decks, produced very weak electrical signals. These signals needed to be boosted to line-level strength by a preamplifier before they could be amplified to a level suitable for driving speakers by a power amplifier. As we moved into the digital age, many audio sources began to provide line-level outputs as standard. Devices like CD players, phones, computers, and streaming devices often output audio signals that are already strong enough and don't require boosting. 
2. More digital transmission: Modern integrated amplifiers and receivers often include digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and other necessary circuitry that can directly accept and process digital signals, reducing the need for a separate analog preamplifier. 
3. Rise of active speakers: The rise of active or powered speakers, which have built-in amplifiers, means that many audio setups can bypass traditional amplification stages altogether. These speakers often come with volume and tone controls, negating the need for a separate preamplifier.
4. Improved power amp circuitry: Earlier power amplifiers were not designed to handle the wide range of input signal levels that modern amplifiers can. They often had a fixed input sensitivity and required a consistent line-level input, which was provided by the preamplifier. Nowadays, it is common for power amplifiers to have higher input range. This means they can often handle weaker signals without needing a dedicated preamplifier stage. 
5. Consumer prefer all-in-one solutions: The trend in consumer audio has moved towards minimalism and convenience. Many users prefer all-in-one solutions, like soundbars or Bluetooth speakers, which integrate all necessary components into a single unit, reducing the demand for standalone preamplifiers.